Diet for high cholesterol

• Efficiency:therapeutic effect after 2 months
• Dates:2 months or more

General rules

Increased levelcholesterolin the blood is a risk factoratherosclerosis.

This fat-like substance is necessary for the formationenzymes,hormonesand other things. However, when its metabolism is disrupted and its level in the blood is high, irreversible changes develop in the vascular wall - atherosclerosis, which is dangerous due to its complications (heart attack,stroke, disruption of blood supply to various organs).

Dangerous in terms of the development of atherosclerosis is considered to be an imbalance between the fractions - low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The former have an atherogenic effect and their high content is a risk of cardiovascular diseases. High-density cholesterol ("good") is produced by the body. Moderate physical activity promotes its production and at the same time reduces the accumulation of harmful substances, which only comes from foods.

Nutritional therapy has been developed to reduce cholesterol levels. A diet for lowering blood cholesterol levels can be used in the treatment and prevention of diseases - it is suitable for people who monitor their health. Its goal is to improve lipid metabolism and weight loss. The main principle of this diet is the reduction of animal fat, which we get from meat, fatty dairy products, and simple carbohydrates. Polyunsaturated fats (their sources are vegetable oils and nuts), fiber and complex carbohydrates (we get them from vegetables, grains, bran) should predominate in the diet. It is the large amount of fiber that helps remove excess cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract. The protein content in this therapeutic diet is within normal limits, and can be obtained by consuming a variety of legumes and lean meats.

The amount of bread is no more than 200 g per day; the use of dietary bran bread is also allowed. Salt and the amount of liquid consumed are limited to 1. 2 liters. Dishes must be prepared without salt, but it is allowed to add salt to prepared food on the table. Vegetables are eaten raw or stewed, and it is better to boil (bake) meat and fish to reduce fat in the diet. It is important to eat plenty of vegetables at dinner. Daily calorie content is 1400-1500 kcal.

Basic principles of nutrition for high blood cholesterol:

• Grains, vegetables and fruits, containing complex carbohydrates and high amounts of fiber, should make up about 60% of the diet. You need to eat 400 g of vegetables daily (one third fresh) and 200 g of grain products.
• The predominance of vegetable oils in the diet.
• Moderate consumption of permitted dairy products.
• Diet for high blood cholesterol includes fish, chicken and turkey, which are the foods of choice, and lean beef should take second place in the diet.
• The amount of salt is minimal.
• 2-3 eggs per week (unlimited protein).
• Avoid feeling hungry (have fruit snacks on time).

The diet for high cholesterol in women is no different from that for men and the general principles of nutrition remain the same. Total cholesterol in women and men should be no more than 5. 2 mmol/l; a figure of 6. 19 mmol/l is already considered significantly increased. HDL in women should be at least 0. 9 mmol/l and up to 1. 9 mmol/l; in men this figure is different - from 0. 7 to 1. 7 mmol/l.

The onset of menopause adversely affects cholesterol metabolism and is explained by the fact that with the onset of its synthesisesTRogendecreases, and it regulates the production of "good" cholesterol. The increase in "bad" is facilitated by a woman’s sedentary lifestyle, overeating and consumption of fatty and high-calorie foods.

Diet for women with high cholesterol should contain, to the maximum, foods of plant origin, rich inphytosterolsthat control and reduce bad cholesterol levels:

• wheat germ;
• sesame seeds;
• sunflower seeds;
• flax seed;
• olive oil;
• grape seed oil;
• avocado.

Vegetables and fruits containingpectin: apples, citrus fruits, beets, watermelons and natural vegetable juices. Remember that all purple and red fruits and vegetables contain polyphenols that stimulate the production of good cholesterol: blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, cranberries, cranberry juice, chokeberries, lingonberries, pomegranates, purple and red grapes, plums, eggplants. Green leafy salads and vegetables are also useful: cabbage, lettuce, spinach, sorrel, artichoke and parsley, dill and green onions available to everyone.

It is imperative to include legumes in your diet, which, due to their high fiber content, will remove harmful cholesterol from the intestines. In terms of protein content, they can replace meat.

It is beneficial for older women to consume soy products containingphytoestrogens. Do not forget about proper culinary processing of meat and fish - a minimum of fat when cooking - it is best to bake in the oven, in pots or steamed.

Considering women's craving for sweets, it will be very difficult to give up sweet cream products, chocolate and sweets, pastries, cookies, waffles and limit yourself in sugar. But this must be done. Fatty meat should also disappear from the diet; you will have to give up processed meat (sausage, boiled pork). Pork, lard and bacon are prohibited. Don't forget about the need for physical activity. All this will only bring benefits - your tests will normalize, your weight will drop, and you will consider yourself attractive.

High cholesterol is often observed in diseases of the internal organs and endocrine system: nephritis,hypothyroidism,obesity,diabetes. This combined pathology requires a special approach to nutrition and more serious treatment. In each case, the issue is resolved individually and therapeutic nutrition is prescribed for the underlying disease. For example, what diet is indicated for high cholesterol due to kidney disease? In this case, you must complyTable No. 7and its varieties.Diet 7is prescribed for chronic kidney disease and, in addition to limiting salt and the amount of fluid you drink, it involves excluding foods rich in cholesterol (kidneys, liver, egg yolk, brains).

Indications

Shown when available:

• high cholesterol levels;
• overweight;
• high blood pressure;
• diabetes mellitus;
• diseases myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke.

Authorized Products

Proper nutrition for high cholesterol should become the norm. What should it be? First of all, you need to exclude meat broths - prepare vegetarian soups; if this is difficult and unusual for you, then you can use weak secondary broth for first courses and carefully skim off the fat. Use potatoes in minimal quantities and it is better to prepare combined vegetable soups, cabbage soup and borscht.

Meat and poultry should be taken of lean types; poultry skin is unacceptable; additional fat should be trimmed from the meat. Since the diet involves limiting fat, the meat should be boiled or baked without adding sour cream, mayonnaise or any fat. Use vegetables as a side dish, not cereal. It is better to cook them for breakfast (oatmeal, buckwheat and brown rice).

Cabbage (all types), carrots, zucchini, pumpkin, eggplant, or salads made from fresh vegetables and green peas will help lower cholesterol levels. The total amount of vegetables eaten per day is at least 400 g.

Use virgin vegetable oils to season ready-made dishes. Flaxseed oil, a leader in fatty acid content, is useful in this regard.omega-3regulating the production of beneficial lipids.

Lowering cholesterol levels can be achieved by introducing low-fat sea fish into the diet, but the consumption of meat (chicken) should still be limited to once a week. When it comes to fish, you should choose dietary varieties: hake, haddock, blue whiting, navaga, pollock, pollock.

Bread made from rye, grain flour and bran is allowed. You can use yeast-free bread (with bran, with flax seeds) for snacks and first courses. Milk and fermented milk products are allowed only in low fat content and in limited quantities. Green tea and weak coffee with milk and without sugar, vegetable and fruit juices without sugar are allowed.

Table of permitted products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Vegetables and greens
eggplant	1. 2	0. 1	4. 5	24
beans	6. 0	0. 1	8. 5	57
zucchini	0. 6	0. 3	4. 6	24
cabbage	1. 8	0. 1	4. 7	27
broccoli	3. 0	0. 4	5. 2	28
Brussels sprouts	4. 8	0. 0	8. 0	43
cauliflower	2. 5	0. 3	5. 4	thirty
green onion	1. 3	0. 0	4. 6	19
bulb onions	1. 4	0. 0	10. 4	41
carrot	1. 3	0. 1	6. 9	32
cucumbers	0. 8	0. 1	2. 8	15
squash	0. 6	0. 1	4. 3	19
salad pepper	1. 3	0. 0	5. 3	27
parsley	3. 7	0. 4	7. 6	47
salad	1. 2	0. 3	1. 3	12
beet	1. 5	0. 1	8. 8	40
celery	0. 9	0. 1	2. 1	12
soybeans	34. 9	17. 3	17. 3	381
asparagus	1. 9	0. 1	3. 1	20
tomatoes	0. 6	0. 2	4. 2	20
Jerusalem artichoke	2. 1	0. 1	12. 8	61
pumpkin	1. 3	0. 3	7. 7	28
dill	2. 5	0. 5	6. 3	38
beans	7. 8	0. 5	21. 5	123
garlic	6. 5	0. 5	29. 9	143
lentils	24. 0	1. 5	42. 7	284
Fruits
avocado	2. 0	20. 0	7. 4	208
oranges	0. 9	0. 2	8. 1	36
pomegranate	0. 9	0. 0	13. 9	52
grapefruit	0. 7	0. 2	6. 5	29
pears	0. 4	0. 3	10. 9	42
lemons	0. 9	0. 1	3. 0	16
mango	0. 5	0. 3	11. 5	67
tangerines	0. 8	0. 2	7. 5	33
nectarine	0. 9	0. 2	11. 8	48
peaches	0. 9	0. 1	11. 3	46
apples	0. 4	0. 4	9. 8	47
Berries
gooseberry	0. 7	0. 2	12. 0	43
Red currants	0. 6	0. 2	7. 7	43
black currant	1. 0	0. 4	7. 3	44
Nuts and dried fruits
nuts	15. 0	40. 0	20. 0	500
almond	18. 6	57. 7	16. 2	645
flax seeds	18. 3	42. 2	28. 9	534
fenugreek seeds	23. 0	6. 4	58. 3	323
sunflower seeds	20. 7	52. 9	3. 4	578
Cereals and porridges
buckwheat (kernel)	12. 6	3. 3	62. 1	313
oat groats	12. 3	6. 1	59. 5	342
cereals	11. 9	7. 2	69. 3	366
wheat bran	15. 1	3. 8	53. 6	296
Raw materials and seasonings
basil	2. 5	0. 6	4. 3	27
honey	0. 8	0. 0	81. 5	329
Dairy
kefir 0%	3. 0	0. 1	3. 8	thirty
kefir 1%	2. 8	1. 0	4. 0	40
Cheeses and cottage cheese
cottage cheese 0. 6% (low fat)	18. 0	0. 6	1. 8	88
curd tofu	8. 1	4. 2	0. 6	73
Meat products
beef	18. 9	19. 4	0. 0	187
Bird
chicken fillet	23. 1	1. 2	0. 0	110
turkey	19. 2	0. 7	0. 0	84
Eggs
eggs	12. 7	10. 9	0. 7	157
Fish and seafood
fish	18. 5	4. 9	0. 0	136
seaweed	0. 8	5. 1	0. 0	49
Oils and fats
grape seed oil	0. 0	99. 9	0. 0	899
linseed oil	0. 0	99. 8	0. 0	898
olive oil	0. 0	99. 8	0. 0	898
sunflower oil	0. 0	99. 9	0. 0	899
Non-alcoholic drinks
mineral water	0. 0	0. 0	0. 0	-
instant chicory	0. 1	0. 0	2. 8	eleven
green tea	0. 0	0. 0	0. 0	-
* data is per 100 g of product

Fully or partially limited products

Excluded: pork, cooking fats, refined vegetable oil, margarine, butter, duck and goose meat, offal (kidneys, brains, liver), sausages and smoked meats. Fatty fish, fish roe (contains a large amount of cholesterol), crayfish, shrimp, crabs and any canned fish, including cod liver, are prohibited.

You should not consume products made from puff pastry or butter dough, or highly extractive meat, fish, or mushroom broths. Cream, fatty cottage cheese and sour cream are not allowed in the diet. Prohibition of consumption of chocolate, full-fat ice cream, products with cream and products with palm and coconut oil. Mayonnaise and ketchup should not be used as sauces.

Limit:

• beef (1-2 times a week);
• red fish;
• egg yolks;
• potato;
• fatty cheeses;
• nuts;
• buckwheat;
• honey.

Table of prohibited products

	Proteins, g	Fats, g	Carbohydrates, g	Calories, kcal
Fruits
bananas	1. 5	0. 2	21. 8	95
Nuts and dried fruits
raisin	2. 9	0. 6	66. 0	264
Cereals and porridges
semolina	10. 3	1. 0	73. 3	328
white rice	6. 7	0. 7	78. 9	344
Flour and pasta
pasta	10. 4	1. 1	69. 7	337
Bakery products
bagels	16. 0	1. 0	70. 0	336
bagels	16. 0	1. 0	70. 0	336
crackers	11. 2	1. 4	72. 2	331
Confectionery
jam	0. 3	0. 2	63. 0	263
jam	0. 3	0. 1	56. 0	238
candies	4. 3	19. 8	67. 5	453
pastry cream	0. 2	26. 0	16. 5	300
Ice cream
ice cream	3. 7	6. 9	22. 1	189
Cakes
cake	4. 4	23. 4	45. 2	407
Chocolate
chocolate	5. 4	35. 3	56. 5	544
Raw materials and seasonings
ketchup	1. 8	1. 0	22. 2	93
mayonnaise	2. 4	67. 0	3. 9	627
Dairy
cream	2. 8	20. 0	3. 7	205
sour cream 30%	2. 4	30. 0	3. 1	294
sour cream 40% (fat)	2. 4	40. 0	2. 6	381
Cheeses and cottage cheese
cheese	24. 1	29. 5	0. 3	363
cottage cheese 18% (fat)	14. 0	18. 0	2. 8	232
Meat products
pork	16. 0	21. 6	0. 0	259
pork liver	18. 8	3. 6	0. 0	108
pork kidneys	13. 0	3. 1	0. 0	80
pork fat	1. 4	92. 8	0. 0	841
salo	2. 4	89. 0	0. 0	797
beef liver	17. 4	3. 1	0. 0	98
beef kidneys	12. 5	1. 8	0. 0	66
beef brains	9. 5	9. 5	0. 0	124
mutton	15. 6	16. 3	0. 0	209
Sausages
smoked sausage	16. 2	44. 6	0. 0	466
smoked sausage	9. 9	63. 2	0. 3	608
sausages	10. 1	31. 6	1. 9	332
sausages	12. 3	25. 3	0. 0	277
Bird
smoked chicken	27. 5	8. 2	0. 0	184
duck	16. 5	61. 2	0. 0	346
smoked duck	19. 0	28. 4	0. 0	337
goose	16. 1	33. 3	0. 0	364
Fish and seafood
smoked fish	26. 8	9. 9	0. 0	196
salted fish	19. 2	2. 0	0. 0	190
Red caviar	32. 0	15. 0	0. 0	263
black caviar	28. 0	9. 7	0. 0	203
squid	21. 2	2. 8	2. 0	122
shrimps	22. 0	1. 0	0. 0	97
salmon	19. 8	6. 3	0. 0	142
sturgeon	16. 4	10. 9	0. 0	163
canned fish	17. 5	2. 0	0. 0	88
semi-finished fish products	12. 5	6. 7	14. 7	209
sardine	20. 6	9. 6	-	169
mackerel	18. 0	13. 2	0. 0	191
cod (liver in oil)	4. 2	65. 7	1. 2	613
boiled oysters	14. 0	3. 0	-	95
fresh oysters	14. 0	6. 0	0. 3	95
Oils and fats
butter	0. 5	82. 5	0. 8	748
creamy margarine	0. 5	82. 0	0. 0	745
coconut oil	0. 0	99. 9	0. 0	899
palm oil	0. 0	99. 9	0. 0	899
rendered beef fat	0. 0	99. 7	0. 0	897
cooking fat	0. 0	99. 7	0. 0	897
rendered pork fat	0. 0	99. 6	0. 0	896
Non-alcoholic drinks
cola	0. 0	0. 0	10. 4	42
lemonade	0. 0	0. 0	6. 4	26
Pepsi	0. 0	0. 0	8. 7	38
sprite	0. 1	0. 0	7. 0	29
* data is per 100 g of product

Menu (Power Mode)

The cholesterol diet menu is designed for 5 meals a day. Since you should not allow yourself to feel hungry during the day or in the evening, you are allowed to eat an apple, grapefruit, carrots or drink a fermented milk product. A sample menu for several days might look like this:

First option

Breakfast	sugar-free bran muesli with yogurt; grapefruit juice
Lunch	vegetable salad; natural apple juice
Dinner	borscht in vegetable broth; boiled beef; mixed vegetables with olive oil
Afternoon snack	2 bran breads; apple
Dinner	boiled green beans with corn oil; cheese; bread; green tea

Second option

Breakfast	omelette of 1 egg and 1 egg white with zucchini and bell pepper; rye bread toast; coffee with milk
Lunch	fruit salad; bran bread
Dinner	vegetable soup; baked pike perch; vegetable salad with the addition of flaxseed oil; compote
Afternoon snack	low-fat bran yogurt
Dinner	salad with unsalted cheese "Gracia"; diet bread; tomato juice

Third option

Breakfast	cereal porridge with water; plum juice; green tea
Lunch	tangerines or orange
Dinner	boiled chicken breast; rice; cabbage and carrot salad; rosehip decoction
Afternoon snack	vegetable salad with bran and olive oil; yogurt
Dinner	fish baked in foil; vegetable salad with corn oil; juice

Below is a table of foods low incholesterol, from which you can make a diet.

Products name	Featured	Prohibited
Fish	Lean sea fish (hake, blue whiting, pollock, navaga, pollock, haddock) and pike three times a week.	Salmon, mackerel, sardine, eel, mackerel, herring, oysters, caviar, shrimp, prepared fish, river fish in limited quantities.
Eggs	Up to 3 pieces per week.	Egg yolk.
Fats	Sunflower, corn, olive or soybean oils, up to 2 tablespoons per day.	Lard, margarine, palm and coconut oil, butter, animal fat.
Meat	Veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef once or twice a week. The bird is allowed without skin.	Pork, fatty beef, fatty lamb, duck and goose meat, sausages, liver, kidneys, brains, pates, sausages, sausages.
Dairy	Skim milk, low-fat kefir, yogurt, cheeses up to 20%, low-fat cottage cheese.	Full-fat cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, ice cream, curd mass, condensed milk, processed cheese.
Vegetables	Fresh and frozen, corn and beans.	Potatoes and potato snacks.
Fruits	Everything except banana and grapes, as well as dried fruits.	Sugared fruits, pistachios and peanuts, hazelnuts.
Cereals	Whole wheat bread, brown rice, oatmeal, whole wheat pasta.	White rice, semolina, limit buckwheat.
Bakery	Oatmeal cookies, bread rolls, dry cookies, "Fitness" cookies.	Biscuits, pastries, rolls, cakes, puff pastry products.
Sweets	Low-fat puddings, jellies without added sugar, fruit ice cream.	Chocolate, pastry cream, toffee, marmalade, pastille, sugar, syrups.
Beverages	Sugar-free juices, green tea, weak coffee, still mineral water.	Cocoa with milk, coffee with cream, alcoholic and sweet carbonated drinks.

Recipes

Fish baked with vegetables

0. 5 kg pike perch fillet, 2-3 tomatoes, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce pepper, onion, 2 cloves of garlic, 2 tbsp. spoons of vegetable oil.

Roughly chop the onion, garlic, zucchini and eggplant. Mix the vegetables, season with pepper, vegetable oil, Provençal herbs and marinate for 30 minutes. Also grease the fish fillet with oil and season with herbs. Place the prepared vegetables on foil, place the fish fillet on top and cover with small tomatoes. Bake for 15-20 minutes.

Fish baked with vegetables and cheese

Hake fillet 500 g, carrots, onions, tomatoes, low-fat cheese 50 g, vegetable oil.

Cut the fillet into portions, marinate in spices and allspice. In a frying pan, simmer finely chopped onion and grated carrots, adding a little vegetable oil. Place the hake fillet in a small dish, cover with a layer of stewed vegetables and slices of chopped tomato. Bake for 20 minutes, sprinkle with grated cheese at the end and place in the oven for another 3 minutes.

Baked chicken breast

Chicken fillet 300 g, fresh vegetables and herbs to taste, olive oil 1 tbsp. l. , milk 0. 25 cups, garlic.

Lightly beat the chicken fillet and marinate in olive oil with garlic, rosemary and milk for half an hour. Place in pan and bake. Season the finished dish with salt and serve with any fresh vegetables.

Chicken fillet with green beans

One chicken fillet, 300 g beans, pepper, spices, olive oil, salt.

Cut the chicken fillet into cubes and simmer until half cooked in a saucepan with a little water. Add frozen green beans, spices to taste and simmer under the lid until the chicken is completely cooked. Before serving, add herbs, olive oil and a little salt. Serve warm.

Contraindications

PregnantAndnursing women, teenagers, sickdiabetes mellitus(insulin dependent) this diet is not recommended.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros	Minuses
Inexpensive and accessible. Includes a variety of products. Normalizes lipid metabolism. Relieves excess weight. Reduces the risk of cardiovascular pathology.	Unbalanced. There are no simple carbohydrates, so it is difficult for many patients to tolerate. Not for pregnant, lactating women and children.

Reviews and results

This diet is designed for 3 months in some cases and more on the recommendation of a doctor. This diet program allows you to lose weight and improve your overall health. Many note normalization of levelscholesterolAndblood pressure, disappearanceconstipationAndheartburn, which is associated with the exclusion of fatty and fried foods.

• ". . . The problem with cholesterol arose recently, and the doctor insisted that if I had high bad cholesterol, I should start taking pills, but I decided to try to normalize everything with nutrition, and I would have time to take the pills. For now I’m doing without medications, I’m sticking to my diet very strictly - I think there will be results. I didn’t retake the tests, but my blood pressure became normal and I lost weight";
• ". . . Everything in combination - the anti-cholesterol diet and the pills that I followed for 3 months gave results. The doctor told me not to get my hopes up, if there is a lipid metabolism disorder, then I need to constantly eat right";
• ". . . There were changes in the lipid profile, and the doctor said that we could still try to bring everything back to normal with nutrition. I researched all the recommendations on the Internet, made a list of foods that help with high cholesterol, and got to work. At first it was difficult to limit myself to sweets, cheese and fried foods, especially since I had never eaten so many vegetables. But in three months there were changes - we managed to lower cholesterol, but not yet to normal. Overall condition has improved, even weight has decreased"

Diet price

Medical nutrition is not very expensive. A wide selection of available products allows you to vary and change your diet according to your desires and capabilities. The basis of the diet is fruits, vegetables, cereals and fish.